Computer numerical controls (CNC controls) have evolved from a specialized production tool to a key component of most modern industrial processes. These programmable computing devices are highly flexible and can significantly improve the efficiency of operations and the quality of the final product.
In this article, we will provide a brief description of CNC controls and a basic guide on how to use them.
Remember that to manipulate machines it is necessary to have a team made up of programmers, tool maintenance personnel and CNC operators. Therefore, beyond informing you about the controls, you must have all the required staff to ensure the proper functioning of all processes.
What are CNC controls?
CNC controls are programmable computing devices that are used to control the manufacture of products and parts. They are designed to control a variety of tools, including drills, saws, milling machines, lathes, etc.
Users can program CNC controls to perform a wide variety of repetitive tasks, improving accuracy and productivity. In fact, if a company wants to start growing and boosting its production processes, this type of training and technology is ideal for achieving the goal and boosting the domestic manufacturing industry.
How do CNC controls work?
CNC controls require two specific programming languages known as G-code and M-code. What these codes do is transform instructions into electrical signals to start working.
Both codes are presented in text format, which is an advantage since they can be edited in programs such as notepad and any other conventional text editor.
Through these languages, CNC control operators can specify the characteristics of the movements (rapid, cycling, linear, rotary, etc.) and regulate the use of certain functions of the machine itself (i.e. stop, start, tool change, etc.).
G-codes are presented as this letter followed by two numeric digits. Generally, CNC machines allow up to 100 functions, but this may vary depending on the specific model and the type of products for which it is designed.
How to use CNC controls
Knowing how to manipulate the codes and devices is essential to ensure quality results. Before beginning to use CNC machines, workers must have a thorough understanding of how CNC controls are programmed so that they have the ability and judgment to verify that everything is in order during the process. And, if not, to be able to make the necessary stops and correct the controls.
Therefore, it is essential to receive professional training in this area. The following steps are a general guide:
- Design the product. First, the product must be designed in CAD/CAM design software. These are drawing and modeling programs that not only establish the geometry of each part but also establish the necessary cutting paths.
This facilitates and accelerates the identification of parameters for the fabrication of different objects. Depending on the type of software used, not only 3D structural details but also color and textures can be specified. - Write the CNC program. The next step is to write the CNC program using the G and M codes. This will specify how the CNC machine should perform the manufacturing task.
- Verify the program. Users should verify the program to ensure that it meets quality and safety standards. This may include reviewing the program syntax and performing numerical simulations to verify the accuracy of the results.
- Execute the program. Once the verification is completed, users can load the program into the CNC machine and start manufacturing the product. SD cards or different sending software can be used to load this data.